Basic knowledge of textile fabrics

Basic knowledge of textile fabrics

1. Fiber Basics

1. The basic concept of fiber
Fibers are divided into filaments and short fibers. Among natural fibers, cotton and wool belong to short fibers, while silk belongs to filaments.

Synthetic fibers are also divided into filament and staple fibers because they imitate natural fibers.

Semi-gloss means semi-dull. According to the amount of matting agent added in the preparation process of synthetic fiber raw materials, it can be divided into bright, semi-gloss, and full-dull.

Polyester filament semi-gloss is the most commonly used. There are also full light, such as most down jacket fabrics.

2. Fiber Specifications

D is the abbreviation of Danel, which means Dan in Chinese. It is the unit of yarn thickness, mainly used to indicate the thickness of chemical fiber and natural silk. Definition: at a given moisture regain, the weight (in grams) of 9000 meters long fiber is DAN. The larger the D number, the thicker the yarn.

F is the abbreviation of Fisher, which refers to the number of spinneret holes, indicating the number of single fibers. For fibers with the same D number, the larger the yarn f, the softer it is.

For example: 50D/36f means that 9000 meters of yarn weighs 50 grams and consists of 36 strands.

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Take polyester as an example:

Polyester is an important variety of synthetic fibers and is the trade name of polyester fibers in my country. Polyester fibers are divided into two types: filament and staple. The so-called polyester filament is a filament with a length of more than one kilometer, and the filament is wound into a ball. Polyester staple fibers refer to staple fibers with a length ranging from a few centimeters to more than ten centimeters.

Polyester filament varieties:

1. Initial spinning: undrawn yarn (conventional spinning) (UDY), semi-pre-oriented yarn (medium-speed spinning) (MOY), pre-oriented yarn (high-speed spinning) (POY), highly oriented yarn (super High Speed Spinning) (HOY)

2. Drafting yarn: drafting yarn (low speed drafting yarn) (DY), full drawing